Montana upland game bird forecasts by region

Northwest Montana (Region 1)

Rains and the wet spring did not favor good brood production for upland game birds in northwest Montana this year. Mountain grouse numbers are expected to be below normal due to a lack of chick production. Pheasant and partridge habitat is limited in Region 1 to the Ninepipe Wildlife Management Area on the Flathead Reservation and the Flathead Valley. Pheasant and partridge brood production was likely negatively impacted by the cool, wet spring and periods of heavy rain as well. Overall, it looks like a down year for upland game numbers in Region 1. Hunters looking to pursue upland game birds within the Flathead Reservation are reminded that a reservation upland game hunting license is needed for nontribal members.

Western Montana (Region 2)

Forest grouse and wild turkey populations in the region continue to look good and should offer quality opportunity during the hunting season. Consecutive mild winters have allowed for consistently high winter survival of adults and previous seasons broods. Despite a dry winter, the spring conditions turned out well with good and timely precipitation to create quality habitat for broods throughout the summer. Through several observations, wild turkeys and forest grouse had large broods slightly earlier in the spring, which should bode well for numbers this fall.

Spring surveys were conducted in Region 2 in May to gather information on spring mountain grouse numbers and allow FWP to obtain a reliable estimate to detect trends over time. The surveys focused primarily on dusky (blue) grouse but recorded ruffed and spruce grouse incidentally. Spring surveys showed abundant adult grouse numbers spread widely across the region. Hunters focusing on dusky grouse should move up in elevation as the season progresses.

To obtain a better estimate of summer brood production and juvenile recruitment, FWP is asking hunters in Region 2 to voluntarily submit one wing of each harvested mountain grouse. There will be a “wing barrel” set up at the Region 2 office in Missoula starting in September and at hunter check stations later in the fall. The wing will be used to age the harvested bird as a metric for estimating productivity.

Bird hunters are reminded that due to recent efforts to restore native sharp-tailed grouse to several areas in western Montana, it is possible you could encounter a sharptail while hunting. Be careful to identify birds, as hunting is closed for sharptails west of the Continental Divide in Montana.

Southwest Montana (Region 3)

Wildlife biologists in Region 3 will be collecting wings from hunter-harvested grouse during the fall season to assess young-of-the-year composition.

Sage-grouse lek counts in the 18 monitored leks in southwestern Montana showed improved numbers for the second spring in a row, though this did not apply to all leks, and the documented growth follows approximately 10 years of overall declines. The proportion of juveniles to adults documented from hunter-donated wings has indicated poor juvenile recruitment in recent years. However, in 2024 and 2025 this improved somewhat, particularly east of I-15. This recruitment and a mild winter may have improved population performance. Thus far, conditions appear to have been favorable for recruitment. Though little snowpack was available, Region 3 has experienced regular precipitation, which may improve forage.

Information on mountain grouse is more limited. However, Region 3 has seen a similar pattern in juvenile-to-adult ratios as sage-grouse. Only a handful of mountain grouse surveys are conducted in spring, but results from this past spring were encouraging. In recent years recruitment appeared poor in mountain grouse but improved in the past two seasons. The poor snow year may have reduced moisture with consequences for forage and cover this summer. However, this may be counteracted by timely summer rainfall.

North-central Montana (Region 4)

Weather conditions during the winter of 2025-2026 in north-central Montana were quite mild. Much of the region had above-average temperatures, strong winds and very little snow accumulation, and the birds on the landscape carried over well due to this mild winter weather.

The above-average temperatures and low precipitation continued into the spring, but in June much of the region experienced multiple large weather events with large amounts of precipitation and cooler temperatures. The moisture from these storms has kept much of the region looking green well into July, and habitat conditions are looking good for the first time in several years. Wet conditions have pushed haying into mid-July and should push the harvest of other crops into August. Large hail-producing summer storms have been minimal except in a few isolated parts of the region, which is good for brood survival. There is some concern that the cooler wet conditions in June may have affected brood survival, but it is still too early for biologists to determine the overall impacts at this time. Brood sightings around the region have been minimal, but there is evidence suggesting a later hatch.

This has been a difficult year to put together an outlook for upland bird hunting, but habitat conditions have biologists optimistic that bird numbers will be up from 2025. Spring surveys showed pheasant crow counts above last year’s counts, especially in places with good habitat. Gray partridge fared well in 2024 and 2025 in most of Region 4, and this year looks to be similar. Spring lek surveys showed sharp-tailed grouse numbers are similar to last year’s count, which is still below the historical average.

As we move through August, vegetation is drying out and with added fuel on the landscape hunters are encouraged to remember fire is always a concern and take the necessary precautions to prevent fires starting. Hunters are encouraged to read the regulations before hitting the field this fall, as there were some changes made for 2026 and it is important that hunters are aware of these changes.

South-central Montana (Region 5)

Following two very good years for upland birds in Region 5, staff expect hunters will have average opportunity to hunt and harvest birds this season.

Sharp-tailed grouse are expected to be closer to average following last year. Hunters should expect spotty encounters in favorable habitat and below-average numbers in areas that have been impacted by drought. Spring sage-grouse surveys showed below-average numbers across the region.

Brood counts indicate that gray partridge and chukar numbers will be good this fall.

Similarly, pheasant numbers are expected to be fair in favorable habitat, though some areas were impacted by severe weather over the summer. Spring surveys showed pheasant crow counts below last year’s numbers in areas of good habitat.

Turkey numbers seem to be good, with many broods observed around the region. Some areas may have been impacted by localized hail events.

Intense summer hailstorms negatively impacted upland birds in portions of northern Region 5 this year. The majority of the region is experiencing varying levels of drought conditions, which limits habitat cover.

Northeast Montana (Region 6)

Northeast Montana had a mild winter across the region with good overwinter survival and an early spring. It was a drier-than-normal spring with good residual cover, but by June it started to rain with good habitat response that should result in at least average nest success and brood-rearing conditions, and biologists believe it looks to be shaping up into a decent bird year.

The northeast corner of Region 6 had unusually high bird production and harvest from 2021 to 2024. While those years were great for upland bird hunting, that was not normal or what the region traditionally experiences. Recently, the area is back down to what biologists consider “average,” and the days of hunters experiencing daily bag limits by mid-morning should not be expected.

Pheasant numbers across the region should provide good opportunities for hunters, and likely similar to or better than the last couple of years. Surveys in the central and western portion of the region saw increases from the previous year’s survey, and numbers are near or above average. The eastern end of the region has seen lower numbers in recent years and is currently near average. Habitat conditions remain good throughout the region and should benefit broods into the fall.

Sharp-tailed grouse surveys in the eastern half of the region are below average and down from the previous year due to difficult hatching conditions the prior two years. The western half of the region has seen some improvements in sharp-tailed grouse numbers the last three years, and spring counts indicate numbers are slightly above the long-term average.

Sage-grouse lek surveys in the region are below average and down from the previous year due to difficult hatching and brood-rearing conditions the prior two years. Like sharp-tailed grouse, biologists expect the improved habitat conditions will favor nest success and early brood survival this year. However, hunting may require putting on miles in preferred habitats to find adequate numbers of birds. Note: beginning in 2025, a free supplemental sage grouse hunting permit is required for harvesting sage-grouse. These permits can be acquired online or at any FWP office or license provider.

Although populations of gray partridge are often spotty, there should be ample opportunity across the region for hunters pursuing this game bird. Observations of widespread distribution and above-average harvest the past couple of years indicate that populations seem to be doing well, and based on the aforementioned weather and habitat conditions, biologists expect gray partridge numbers to be above average again this fall.

If there are any questions regarding bird numbers and distribution in northeast Montana as the season progresses, please contact the Region 6 FWP headquarters in Glasgow at 406-228-3700 to be directed to a local biologist of your area of interest.

Southeast Montana (Region 7)

Southeastern Montana spring conditions were characterized by warm temperatures and below-average precipitation. Limited grass and forb growth combined with frequent dust storms in late May likely impacted early nesting attempts for upland game birds. By the end of May, most of southeastern Montana was in moderate to extreme drought conditions; however, frequent early summer precipitation dramatically improved habitat conditions. This timely moisture coincided with the nesting and brood-rearing season, likely boosting nesting and brood-rearing success. However, this respite was short lived, as July saw hot, above-average temperatures and below-average precipitation.

Sharp-tailed grouse male lek attendance this spring was above average; however, numbers decreased by around 40 percent from last spring. Sage grouse male lek attendance this spring was below average and declined by around 50 percent from last spring. Ring-necked pheasant crow count surveys were more optimistic, with numbers well above average. Despite spring survey numbers, it is important to remember that for many upland game bird species, spring chick production is crucial to hunter success in the fall. Poor spring moisture and variable precipitation during late spring and early summer likely impacted upland game bird production. Upland game bird numbers will likely vary across the region depending on weather patterns and habitat conditions. As a result, hunters will likely have to work much harder to find birds than in previous years, when habitat conditions were more favorable.